Effect: Recovers 50 HP (10 to monsters). Usable in the field. Learned at level 1.

This spell name sounds a lot like "relief," though it's also possible that they were going for a resemblance to "life" with the リフ that appears in all the healing spell names.

Effect: Raises defense by 20. Does not stack with itself or with Alkatect. Learned at level 4.

The "tect" is possibly from "protect."

This stacks with the defense bonus Ryu gets when using a dragon transformation. Cast it before he transforms for maximum effect, because the dragon bonus works by adding a percentage of current defense and will apply this bonus to the 20 from Katect only if it's already in effect at the time of transformation.

Effect: Lowers Mobility by 20 (repeated castings do not stack), or to zero if 148 or greater. Learned at level 19.

No apparent meaning as such, but it sounds sluggish, like something slowly oozing out.

Reducing Mobility of 148 or greater to zero may sound fairly random, but it makes sense when you consider that the value is probably stored in an 8-bit value. Presumably there's a check to prevent the result from going under zero, which necessarily treats the value as signed (otherwise negatives can't exist), but because of how computers store numbers, an unsigned 8-bit value from 128 to 255, when treated as a signed value, is interpreted as something in the range -128 to -1. Any Mobility of at least 148 gives a result of at least 128, which is then seen as negative and "corrected" to 0.

Incidentally, the proper way to handle this would be to test whether the unmodified value is under 20 (as an unsigned integer) before calculating the result.

This spell also seems to lower hit rate. Possibly Mobility and hit rate are connected.

Effect: Raises Luck by 20. Repeated castings do not stack. Learned at level 6.

Appears to be "plus" + "luck."

Effect: Raises Attack Power by 50. Repeated castings do not stack. Learned at level 7.

The name appears to be derived from "gigas" or "gigantic."

Effect: Recovers 100 HP (40 to monsters). Usable in the field. Learned at level 9.

The リフ trend continues, with a beginning that resembles "up."

Effect: Causes Sleep status for {2~5 turns?}. Learned at level 11.

縛り (シバリ) is "binding," and the na just seems to be thrown in for flavor, though it might also relate to 金縛り (kana shibari, sleep paralysis or being bound too tightly to move). Phonetically this is nashibari.

Effect: Raises Mobility by 20. Repeated castings do not stack. Learned at level 12.

The name vaguely resembles "haste," but Japanese 速さ (hayasa, speed) seems a more likely source.

Effect: 80 base damage, only works on Undead, which are always weak against Holy and so take extra damage. Learned at level 14.

Though its application is limited, Dethup has the highest damage per AP spent of any offensive spell in the game.

All the zombie-killer spell names are centered on デス, which is phonetically "death."

Effect: Recovers 250 HP (100 to monsters). Usable in the field. Learned at level 15.

The リフ trend continues, with a beginning that resembles "top."

Effect: Revives an Incapacited ally, restoring 1 HP. Usable in the field. Learned at level 17.

リバル appears to be short for "revival".

Effect: Cures status effects. Usable in the field. Learned at level 5.

薬理 (yakuri), an actual Japanese word, refers to the physical changes brought about through the use of medicines.

Effect: Reduces damage from magic by {60%?} for {2~5 turns?}. Learned at level 21.

Not sure about the name on this one. Possibly "magic" + "cut"? The 'ma' could also be 魔, which essentially equates to "magic" still.

Effect: Restores all HP. Usable in the field. Learned at level 23.

The リフ trend continues, with an ending that resembles "full."

Effect: 120 base damage, only works on Undead, which are always weak against Holy and so take extra damage. Learned at level 24.

Horribly inefficient compared to Dethup, but still better than most offensive magic.

As kahran042 points out, ハデス also bears a definite resemblance to "Hades", which goes as well with the effect as "death" does.

Effect: Raises defense by 20. Does not stack with itself or with Katect. Learned at level 26.

ミ is possibly short for 皆 (minna, everyone). My name fuses "all" with the single-target spell's name.

This stacks with the defense bonus for dragon transformation exactly as Katect does.

Effect: Causes Silence status for {2~5 turns?}. Learned at level 28.

'Ma' for "magic" again. 馴れた (ナレタ) can mean "tamed," so possibly "tame magic"?

Effect: Negates magic once. Learned at level 30.

Possibly "minus" + "magic." Katmana appears to be superior to it in every way other than being learned later.

Effect: Revives an incapacitated ally, restoring full HP. Usable in the field. Learned at level 34.

Same as above, with an added ラ for extra oomph, I guess.

Effect: Recovers 250 HP (100 to monsters). Usable in the field. Learned at level 37.

The リフ trend continues, with an ending that resembles "for all."

Effect: Reflects enemy magic once, at half the base power. Learned at level 41.

The name resembles the related spell Makat, but otherwise doesn't have any particular meaning that I can see.

Effect: 200 base damage, only works on Undead, which are always weak against Holy and so take extra damage. Learned at level 46.

It's a bit of a stretch, but ゾ might be for ゾンビ (zombie) and ハ for 破 (destroy).

Effect: 20 base damage. Learned at level 6.

I can't figure out any meaning to the fire spell names, other than their obvious similarity to each other.

Effect: 25 base damage. Learned at level 7.

Effect: 30 base damage. Learned at level 8.

レイ is most likely 冷 (cold, chill).

Effect: 30 base damage. Learned at level 9.

Tied with three entries in fish magic for most efficient multi-target attack spell in the game. Too bad it's so weak.

I can't figure out any meaning to the quake spell names, other than their obvious similarity to each other. They do sound rather disheveled, though.

Effect: Causes Stop status for {2~5?} turns. Learned at level 10.

I'm not sure whether the element does anything, but it's there in the code.

Effect: Steals HP. Learned at level 12.

I'm not sure whether the element does anything, but it's there in the code. レクタ is possibly short for "redirector."

Effect: Instant death. Learned at level 14.

I'm not sure whether the element does anything, but it's there in the code.

Effect: 40 base damage. Learned at level 15.

Effect: 80 base damage. Learned at level 16.

Gilliam's best offensive spell, which isn't really saying much.

Effect: 60 base damage. Learned at level 17.

Effect: 50 base damage. Learned at level 18.

Weak for the cost.

Effect: 90 base damage. Learned at level 20.

Effect: 95 base damage. Learned at level 21.

Surprisingly effective for a multi-target spell, given the relatively low casting cost.

Effect: 100 base damage. Learned at level 22.

Also surprisingly effective for a multi-target spell given the relatively low casting cost.

Effect: 80 base damage. Learned at level 24.

Very weak for the cost, despite the impressively complicated name. Valrye utterly outclasses it, unless it has some kind of obscure special properties.

Effect: 130 base damage. Learned at level 26.

Not very cost-effective, but at least it's not as inefficient as its fire and ice counterparts. On the other hand, it's not as powerful, either.

Effect: 150 base damage. Learned at level 28.

Tied for the second worst damage per AP cost of any multi-target attack spell in the game, but hitting all enemies may be worth it.

Effect: 180 base damage. Learned at level 29.

Tied for the second worst damage per AP cost of any multi-target attack spell in the game, but hitting all enemies may be worth it.

Effect: 250 base damage. Learned at level 31.

Surprisingly expensive for its rather low power, given that it only hits one target.

The name on this one bears some resemblance to "glacier".

Effect: 350 base damage. Learned at level 32.

The エン here could be for 炎 (flame), but it's not in any of the other fire spells, so doesn't really help with figuring them out.

Effect: 400 base damage. Learned at level 35.

This is the best offensive spell for most bosses, combining the highest damage of any spell with the highest damage per AP spent of any general-purpose offensive spell (Dethup is better, but only affects the undead).

Effect: Steals AP. Learned at level 33.

I'm not sure whether the element does anything, but it's there in the code. As seems typical, we have a マ for "magic" here.

Effect: ??? base damage. Learned at level 40.

Unused?

Effect: 400 base damage. Learned at level 40.

The cost is quite high, but the massive damage may make it worthwhile occassionally. Easily the strongest multi-target attack spell.

Effect: Causes Cursed status. Learned at level 16.

Enemy spell only.

Effect: Causes Poison status for {4 turns?}. Learned at level 16.

Enemy spell only.

Effect: Causes Zombie status. Learned at level 16.

Enemy spell only.

Effect: Causes Silent status{?}. Learned at level 27.

Unused?

Effect: Causes Sleep status for {2~5 turns?}. Learned at level 11.

Enemy spell only. Appears to be little different from Nabind, though.

Effect: {?}. Learned at level 11.

Unused?

Effect: {?}. Learned at level 1.

Unused?

Effect: {?}. Learned at level 33.

Unused?

What they lack in power and versatility, they make up for in effeciency. Fish magic accounts for four of the five most cost-effective multi-target attack spells in the game. Bonito takes fifth place, with the others tied for first with Buuray.

It's anyone's guess why these count as Holy damage. The most likely answer is that the game simply isn't coded to allow for truly non-elemental magic.

Effect: 30 base damage, only works underwater. Learned at level 10.

Effect: 50 base damage, only works underwater. Learned at level 14.

Effect: 70 base damage, only works underwater. Learned at level 16.

Effect: 100 base damage, only works underwater. Learned at level 17.

Effect: ??? base damage. Learned at level 17.

Enemy spell only.

Effect: {?}. Learned at level 23.

Unused?

Effect: {?}. Learned at level 34.

Unused?

Effect: 100 base damage. Learned at level 1.

Replaces Ryu's normal attack when using the Snow Puppy transformation.

Effect: 115 base damage. Learned at level 1.

Replaces Ryu's normal attack when using the Fire Puppy transformation.

Effect: 130 base damage. Learned at level 1.

Replaces Ryu's normal attack when using the Thunder Puppy transformation.

Effect: 190 base damage. Learned at level 1.

Replaces Ryu's normal attack when using the Snow Dragon transformation.

Effect: 210 base damage. Learned at level 1.

Replaces Ryu's normal attack when using the Fire Dragon transformation. I've confirmed that this is Holy damage, despite the name.

Effect: 225 base damage. Learned at level 1.

Replaces Ryu's normal attack when using the Thunder Dragon transformation.

Effect: 250 base damage, only works on Undead, which are always weak against Holy and so take extra damage. Learned at level 1.

Replaces Ryu's normal attack when using the Holy Dragon transformation.

Effect: 320 base damage. Learned at level 44.

Replaces Ryu's normal attack when using the Kaiser Dragon transformation.

Effect: 999 base damage. Learned at level 26.

Replaces Ryu's normal attack when using the Final Power transformation.

Effect: 35 base damage. Learned at level 11.

Effect: 70 base damage. Learned at level 19.

Effect: Warps party to any previously visited town. Usable in the field but not during combat. Learned at level 13.

ヒュール seems like a windy sound effect.

Effect: Flees combat, always succeeds except when running is disallowed (most bosses). Learned at level 23.

Effect: 110 base damage. Learned at level 25.

Effect: Warps party out of dungeons. Usable in the field but not during combat. Learned at level 5.

デルダン seems to be a combination of 出る (leave) and ダンジョン (dungeon). A more phonetic rendition would be Deldun.

Effect: 200 base damage. Learned at level 30.

The second strongest multi-target spell, but the least cost-effective.

Effect: 300 base damage. Learned at level 37.

Like Valhalla, but weaker, costlier, and learned later. Seems entirely pointless, unless it's hiding some sort of special properties.

Effect: ??? base damage. Learned at level 21.

Enemy spell only.

Effect: {?}. Learned at level 0.

Unused?